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The manba usul al hikma is a very important document in the history of Islam which was written by the second Caliph, Umar. The work attempted to clear up many interpretations of Koran and Islamic law as well as defining what it means to be a Muslim. One issue which has been much debated is whether Muslims should worship Muhammad or God. In this article, we will discuss what this document reveals about how Muslims should approach their worship and personal relationship to God. The main objectives of the document are to define the nature of Islam by defining what makes a Muslim a Muslim, define Islam's duties to God, define the nature of Allah, define what it means to be faithful to Islam and define what it means to have faith in Allah. Umar begins by defining terms where he believes there is confusion among Muslims. He defines disbelief as being absent from Islam or not believing in God. He states that Hanifs are those who believe in the One True God and do not associate partners with him nor worship others besides Allah. He defines idolater which are those who worship other deities beside God. He also defines polytheists as those who associate partners with God and worshiping them. He defines kafir as those who forsake their religion and belief in God and become apostates and murtadd which is the one who reverts from Islam to disbelief. He then defines Muslim as those who believe in God, worship none besides him, honor his prophet, offer prayer, pay charity and make pilgrimage. Umar states that it is only the Muslims' duty to obey Allah and does not command anyone to obey Muhammad. He also states that to know God it is not necessary to believe in his prophet. He defines the concept of Allah in two ways. The first definition is that Allah is not short for God and the second definition is in response to the question where the Prophet was when he gave revelation. This second account is in regards to when Muhammad sent revelation to Uthman when Uthman was away at war. He defines Muhammad's godliness as being one who can keep secrets and then relates this account in order to define how believers will be rewarded when they are tested for faithfulness. The reward of faithfulness will be paradise because faithfulness alone guarantees paradise without any reference to anything else besides God's bounty on his people. One of the important aspects of this document is that it focuses on God and defines Islam as submission to his laws and rulings. Umar states that such submission is the only way to know God. He also states that no prophet has ever associated partners with Allah nor has any prophet ever worshiped them nor do they worship him. He states that all prophets and messengers only had the power to bring revelations and nothing more. They could not alter Allah's will or create new scriptures or alter any previous scripture. He also stated that the hadith tradition is acceptable because it came from Muhammad's own mouth and comes from his tongue while not being copied out of another source. cfa1e77820
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